什么是Essay
首先来看看百度是怎么解释:essay(话题作文和论文的统称)在国外,人们都管话题作文和论文统称Essay。Essay可以看做是说明文,也可以是议论文。总体来说就是引用别的事物来证明某个观点。
维基百科这样介绍:An essay is, generally, a piece of writing that gives the author's own argument — but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of an article, a pamphlet, and a short story. Essays have traditionally been sub-classified as formal and informal. Formal essays are characterized by "serious purpose, dignity, logical organization, length," whereas the informal essay is characterized by "the personal element (self-revelation, individual tastes and experiences, confidential manner), humor, graceful style, rambling structure, unconventionality or novelty of theme," etc.
大概的意思是一篇文章,提出了作者自己的论点但这个定义是模糊的,与文章,小册子,和一个短篇故事的定义重叠。论文一般被分为正式的和非正式的。正式的论文的特点是“严肃的目的,尊严、逻辑组织,长度,而非正式的特点是“个人因素(自我启示,个人的喜好和经验,保密的方式)、幽默、优雅的风格,松散的结构、异常或新颖的主题”等。
这样的解释,你大概懂了吗?事实上Essay的本质是给出自己的argument。然后各种证明他,证明他,证明他。
Introduction
包括:general statements和thesis statement (ts的定义是:a kind of mini-outline for the paper)
这个一般叫introductory paragraph,通常是为了告诉读者what the essay is about。本部分的最后一句还必须包含一个过渡的“钩子hook”,它将读者移动到文章正文的第一段。也就是要过渡得好。
Body
最起码1段吧,一般都是多段,看情况。大致的结构如下:
第1段:
topic sentence
—1support and detail(or examples)
—2support and detail(or examples)
—3support and detail(or examples)
—concluding sentence
第2段:
topic sentence
—1support and detail(or examples)
—2support and detail(or examples)
—3support and detail(or examples)
—concluding sentence
第3段:
topic sentence
—1support and detail(or examples)
—2support and detail(or examples)
—3support and detail(or examples)
—concluding sentence
第n段:
topic sentence
—1support and detail(or examples)
—2support and detail(or examples)
—3support and detail(or examples)
—concluding sentence
每段都应该包括:
1、strong argument;
2、most significant example;
3、cleverest illustration 或者 an obvious beginning point。
Conclusion
包括:restament or summary of the main points;final comment
详细点来讲,要点有:
1、提及introductory paragraph
2、回应thesis statement, 可以用原始语句修改下,但是不要复制粘贴原始语句。
3、总结正文Body中的要点。
4、告诉读者文章要结束啦。