本文是留学生论文代写范文：李嘉图贸易理论：综述与分析，主要内容是分析研究李嘉图比较优势贸易理论的相关内容。
不同国家在生产率和技术上存在差异。因此，这些差异将导致比较优势贸易。李嘉图模型主要有两个方面：第一，不同国家间劳动生产率的差异在国际贸易中具有重要地位。第二，贸易模式依赖于比较优势，而不是绝对优势。换句话说，比较两个国家，一个国家在两种商品的生产上具有绝对优势，而另一个国家则处于绝对劣势。假设是：这两种产品在两个国家都有不同的生产力(一种产品的生产率比另一种国家的生产率更高）。优势国在一个优势上获得比较优势，劣势国家在一个不利的方面得到比较优势。两国都生产比较优势商品，两国出口比较优势和进口比较劣势，两国都可以从国际贸易中获益。这是李嘉图比较优势贸易理论的原理。
The Classical trade theory:Ricardian Trade Theory(Comparative advantage trade theory)
Ricardian Trade Theory
David Ricardo points out the Ricardian Model in 1817.Different countries had differences in productivity and technology.Hence,those differences would cause comparative advantage trade.There are two mainly points of Ricardian Model;firstly,the different rates of labor productivity between different countries had important position in international trade.Secondly,the model of trade is dependent on comparative advantage,not absolute advantage.On the other words,According to Evans,H.D(1989),comparing two countries,a country had absolute advantage in the production of two goods,and the other on was in absolute inferiority.The assumption is:the two goods had different productivity in both countries(one goods productivity is more efficiency than the other one in a country).The advantage country got comparative advantage in one advantage good,and inferiority country got comparative advantage in one disadvantage good.Both countries produce their comparative advantage goods,moreover,both countries export the comparative advantage good and import comparative disadvantage good,then both countries could got benefits from this international trade.This is the principle of Ricardian comparative advantage trade theory.
As lecture notes point out and Porter,M.E(1998)concluded,the Ricardian Comparative advantage trade theory is based on the assumptions followed:1,there are only two countries,A and B.2,both countries are only produced two goods.3,when the goods were producing,there are different technology between two countries,A and B.Hence the different degrees of technology level affect different productivity and capital.4,this model only got the goods to goods trade assumption.There is no complicate trading.(Both goods got same price,however the cost of production was not equal).5,labor market supply was fixed.6,labour can mobile inside the country,however,is not mobile across countries.7,in countries,goods and markets are perfect competition.8,there is no tariff and transportation cost.9,productivity of labor is fixed.(Means the degree of technology would not increase during trading.)
The theory generally assumes that the relative supplies of these two particular commodities are based on their relative productivity and technology.Hence,every country got varies productivity or technology;the endowments were the factor of their relative the productivity.This theory presented two countries are endowed with different level or degree of the production factors,and the naturally determined endowments,country would follow the endowments to trade the comparative advantage goods to the other one.These affect the two countries international trade more efficient and decrease the cost of capital for both countries.Moreover,with constant productivity,both countries could benefit from the free international trade even one country is in absolute disadvantage.Takumi Naito(2012)concluded the Ricardian model of trade and growth.He concluded from the assumption and gets one results:if two countries got larger comparative advantage,the benefit for both countries are getting huger.We can easily contact the relationship between advance country and developing country.With the simple example,United Kingdom and India trade with the grains and textile during the law of comparative advantage coming out.Hence,the textile production in UK requires less labour hours required in the grains producing:UK got the comparative in producing cheese.Same as India,India has comparative advantage producing grains.Therefore,there are gain from international trade if UK product the textile and India product grains.The Ricardian Model really proved UK free international trade in grains.
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