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HOW CAN WE BETTER UNDERSTAND THE IDEOLOGY OF WASHINGTON CONSENSUS?
可以说，1989年是世界历史上伟大的一年。柏林墙的倒塌标志着东欧集团的结束。这引起了法兰西斯·福山争论历史的“终结”。资本主义的明显的胜利导致了经济政策的变化，此后，涉及世界上所有国家。
新的经济政策，被称为«华盛顿共识»，包括一套10结构的变化以实现全球市场全面放开任何法规存在直到那时，接受这一框架的国际组织，由世界各国政府，几乎是一致的。经济政策是名副其实的国际组织的指导方针，实现所谓的“华盛顿共识制定的目标。”这项研究的目的是更好地理解“华盛顿共识”的思想，通过分析其思想理论的背景下，如何构成和功能。并通过分析各种学校的批评意见，并通过各种实例对其进行实证分析。
It can be argued that 1989 was a great year for world history.The fall of the Berlin Wall marked the beginning of the end of the Eastern bloc.This gave rise to Francis Fukuyama to argue about the"end of history."The apparent triumph of capitalism has led to changes in the economic policy followed since then,involving all the countries of the world.
The new economic policy,known as«Washington Consensus»,consisted of a package of 10 structural change aiming to achieve full liberalization of global markets from any regulations which existed until then.The acceptance of this framework by international organizations and by the governments of the world,were nearly unanimous.The economic policy followed literally the guidelines of the international organizations to achieve the objectives laid down by the so-called"Washington Consensus."This study aims to better understand the ideology of"Washington Consensus",by analyzing its ideological theoretical background,how it is structured and functioned.Also by analyzing the criticism received from various schools and eventually its empirical practice through various examples.
Ideological structure and function of"Washington Consensus"
The debate around the term"Washington Consensus"was created in 1989 by John Williamson(Williamson(2004b)).The term was introduced at a time when the sovereignty of Keynesian economic theory had collapsed-after the crisis of the mid'70s and the apparent inability of Keynesianism to face it,neoliberalism(promoted by the Reagan and Thatcher governments in the U.S.and Britain,respectively)have become the new orthodoxy.
The purpose of Williamson was to codify that part of the neo-liberal analysis and policy proposals have become commonly accepted in the theory of development and especially in the circles of major development institutions(primarily the IMF and World Bank)based in Washington.Consequently,the term"Washington"refers to influential circles and institutions based in Washington.And the term"consensus"refers to that part of the neo-liberal prescriptions have become widely accepted.
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