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essay四种常见的写作类型技巧

Essay有许多不同的类型,大体可以分为四类: argumentative, expository, narrative, and descriptive essays.Argumentative essays和expository essays侧重于传达信息和阐明观点,而narrative essays和descriptive essays侧重于锻炼创造力,是以一种有趣的方式在写作。

Essay写作

在大学阶段,argumentative essays是最常见的类型。

四种Essay写作类型

在高中和大学,你还会经常写textual analysis essays,以测试你的精读和口译能力。本文DueEssay教育小编就来为大家分析这四类常见Essay介绍以及各类Essay的代写范文举例,供大家参考学习。
论文代写

Argumentative essay写作技巧

一篇argumentative essay首先要提出一个扩展的,以证据为基础的论点。它需要一个强有力的论点陈述,你的目标是使用证据( 如 quotations )和分析来说服你的论文的读者。

Argumentative essays 测试你对某一话题进行研究和阐述自己观点的能力。这是大学阶段最常见的一种论文类型,你写的大多数论文都会涉及某种形式的 argumentation。

一篇 argumentative essay 分为引言、正文和结论。

引言提供了你的主题和主题陈述,正文展示你的证据和论点,结论总结了你的论点并强调了它的重要性。

下面的例子是一篇关于互联网对教育的影响的argumentative essay代写正文:

A common frustration for teachers is students’ use of Wikipedia as a source in their writing.【Topic sentence】Its prevalence among students is not exaggerated; a survey found that the vast majority of the students surveyed used Wikipedia (Head & Eisenberg, 2010). An article in The Guardian stresses a common objection to its use: “a reliance on Wikipedia can discourage students from engaging with genuine academic writing” (Coomer, 2013). 【Evidence】Teachers are clearly not mistaken in viewing Wikipedia usage as ubiquitous among their students; but the claim that it discourages engagement with academic sources requires further investigation. 【Interpretation】This point is treated as self-evident by many teachers, but Wikipedia itself explicitly encourages students to look into other sources. Its articles often provide references to academic publications and include warning notes where citations are missing; the site’s own guidelines for research make clear that it should be used as a starting point, emphasizing that users should always “read the references and check whether they really do support what the article says” (“Wikipedia:Researching with Wikipedia,” 2020). Indeed, for many students, Wikipedia is their first encounter with the concepts of citation and referencing. 【Counter-evidence】The use of Wikipedia therefore has a positive side that merits deeper consideration than it often receives.【Final sentence】

Expository essay写作技巧

Expository essay对一个主题提供了清晰、有重点的解释。它不需要原创的论点,只需要一个平衡和组织良好的主题观点。

Expository essay测试你对一个主题的熟悉程度以及你组织和传达信息的能力,通常出现在高中或大学的考试问题中。

An expository essay 的引言需要陈述你的主题并提供一些大致的背景,正文部分需要陈述细节,结论用来总结所陈述的信息。

下面是一篇关于印刷机发明的 expository essay代写范文正文段落:

The invention of the printing press in 1440 changed this situation dramatically.【Topic sentence】Johannes Gutenberg, who had worked as a goldsmith, used his knowledge of metals in the design of the press. He made his type from an alloy of lead, tin, and antimony, whose durability allowed for the reliable production of high-quality books. This new technology allowed texts to be reproduced and disseminated on a much larger scale than was previously possible. The Gutenberg Bible appeared in the 1450s, and a large number of printing presses sprang up across the continent in the following decades.【Explanation】Gutenberg’s invention rapidly transformed cultural production in Europe; among other things, it would lead to the Protestant Reformation.【Concluding sentence】

Narrative essay写作技巧

Narrative essay是讲故事的文章,通常写的是一个关于你个人经历的故事,但也可能是对你没有经历过的事情的想象性探索。

Narrative essay需要你可以写出一篇吸引人的、结构良好的叙述性文章。它比其他类型的学术论文更具有个性和创造性。同样的,你在写个人陈述时就需要这种能力。

一篇记叙文并不严格地分为引言、正文和结论,它以叙述开始,以表达故事的要点结束,需要表达出你从自己的经历中学到了什么,或者为什么它会给你留下印象。

以下是一篇简短的Narrative essay代写范文,主题为“Write about an experience where you learned something about yourself”:

Since elementary school, I have always favored subjects like science and math over the humanities. My instinct was always to think of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English. If there was no right answer, I thought, why bother?【Background】But recently I had an experience that taught me my academic interests are more flexible than I had thought: I took my first philosophy class.【Theme】

Before I entered the classroom, I was skeptical. I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve—I really had no idea. I imagined something pretty abstract: long, stilted conversations pondering the meaning of life. But what I got was something quite different.【Description】

A young man in jeans, Mr. Jones—“but you can call me Rob”—was far from the white-haired, buttoned-up old man I had half-expected. 【Character introduction】And rather than pulling us into pedantic arguments about obscure philosophical points, Rob engaged us on our level. To talk free will, we looked at our own choices. To talk ethics, we looked at dilemmas we had faced ourselves. By the end of class, I’d discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most interesting ones.【Development】

The experience has taught me to look at things a little more “philosophically”—and not just because it was a philosophy class! I learned that if I let go of my preconceptions, I can actually get a lot out of subjects I was previously dismissive of. The class taught me—in more ways than one—to look at things with an open mind.【Conclusion】

Descriptive essay写作技巧

Descriptive essay提供了对某物的详细的感官描述。和 narrative essays 一样,它们让你比大多数学术文章更有创造力,但它们比narrative essay更集中。你可以描述一个特定的地方或物体,而不是讲述一个完整的故事。

Descriptive essay测试你创造性地使用语言的能力,通过选择引人注目的词语来表达你所描述的令人难忘的画面。

一篇 descriptive essay可以是相当松散的结构,它通常应该以介绍你描述的对象开始,以描绘它的整体画面结束。重点在于使用合适的选词和修饰手法来描述你想描述的事物。

Descriptive essay代写范文看下方,主题为“Describe a place you love to spend time in”:

On Sunday afternoons I like to spend my time in the garden behind my house. The garden is narrow but long, a corridor of green extending from the back of the house, and I sit on a lawn chair at the far end to read and relax.【Introductory sentences】I am in my small peaceful paradise: the shade of the tree, the feel of the grass on my feet, the gentle activity of the fish in the pond beside me.【Personal impression】

My cat crosses the garden nimbly and leaps onto the fence to survey it from above. From his perch he can watch over his little kingdom and keep an eye on the neighbours. He does this until the barking of next door’s dog scares him from his post and he bolts for the cat flap to govern from the safety of the kitchen.【Description of an event】

With that, I am left alone with the fish, whose whole world is the pond by my feet. The fish explore the pond every day as if for the first time, prodding and inspecting every stone. I sometimes feel the same about sitting here in the garden; I know the place better than anyone, but whenever I return I still feel compelled to pay attention to all its details and novelties—a new bird perched in the tree, the growth of the grass, and the movement of the insects it shelters…【Analogy】

Sitting out in the garden, I feel serene. I feel at home. And yet I always feel there is more to discover. The bounds of my garden may be small, but there is a whole world contained within it, and it is one I will never get tired of inhabiting.【Conclusion】

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